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1.
Rev. Soc. Bras. Med. Trop ; 54: e08352020, 2021. graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1288107

ABSTRACT

Abstract INTRODUCTION: Bioprospection of plant products is used to discover new insecticides. METHODS: The larvicidal activity of ethanolic extract and triterpene (tingenone B) from the bark of Maytenus guianensis and their effect on pupation and emergence were evaluated against Aedes aegypti. RESULTS: Crude extract LC50 was 11.3 ppm and caused ejection of the larvae intestine; tingenone B LC50 was 14.8 ppm. Pupation was reduced by 20% and 10%, respectively; however, the emergence was not affected. CONCLUSIONS: The crude bark extract exhibited a higher larvicidal effect against the vector.


Subject(s)
Aedes , Celastraceae , Maytenus , Insecticides/pharmacology , Anopheles , Plant Extracts/pharmacology , Plant Leaves , Mosquito Vectors , Larva
2.
Rev. epidemiol. controle infecç ; 9(2): 116-121, 2019. ilus
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1021460

ABSTRACT

Justificativa e Objetivos: A doença de Chagas (DC), causada pelo Trypanosma cruzi, protozoário flagelado, descoberto a mais de 100 anos, sendo ela difundida nas américas, principalmente na américa do Sul, acometendo milhões de pessoas pelo mundo. É cada vez mais crescente o número de indivíduos acometidos com a DC na região da Amazônia Ocidental e estão relacionados a diversos fatores, porém o consumo de bebida contaminada é a principal parcela de contribuição para a elevação nos registros da doença na região. Este estudo tem como objetivo descrever e analisar o panorama epidemiológico da doença de Chagas no estado do Amazonas de 2004 a 2014. Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo ecológico, onde foram utilizados somente dados secundários obtidos do Sinan referentes aos casos notificados de infecção por T. cruzi em todo o estado do Amazonas. Resultados: Constatou-se que no período de 2004 a 2014 que no estado do Amazonas ocorreram um total de 100 casos de DC, tendo maior ocorrência nos anos de 2007 e 2010, durante os meses de abril e dezembro, com maior frequência da faixa etária de 20-39 e no gênero feminino. Conclusão: Constatou-se a necessidade de implementar um serviço de controle epidemiológico eficaz para monitoramento da via de transmissão DC e de seus vetores, pois trata-se de um problema de saúde pública que pode estar ligada a determinantes sociais e culturais, sendo indicado a promoção de atividades educativas para a conscientização da comunidade a respeito desta enfermidade.(AU)


Background and Objectives: Chagas disease (CD), caused by Trypanosoma cruzi, a flagellate protozoan, was discovered over 100 years ago, spread throughout the Americas, mainly in South America, affecting millions of people around the world. CD affects several people in the Western Region of Amazonia, with increasingly frequent numbers due to several factors that contribute to the increase of cases in the region. but the consumption of contaminated drink is the main way of transmission of the disease in the region. This study aims to describe and analyze the epidemiological panorama of Chagas disease in the state of Amazonas, from 2004 to 2014. Methods: This is an ecological study, where only secondary data obtained from Sinan referring to reported cases of T. cruzi infection in the entire state of Amazonas were used. Results: a total of 100 cases of CD were reported in the state of Amazonas, from 2004 to 2014, , with a higher occurrence in 2007 and 2010, during April and December, with a higher frequency in the 20-39 age group and in women. Conclusion: the need to implement an effective epidemiological control service to monitor the CD transmission route and its vectors was identified, because it is a public health problem that may be linked to social and cultural determinants. The promotion of educational activities to raise awareness of the community of this disease.(AU)


Justificación y Objetivos: La enfermedad de Chagas (EC), causada por Trypanosoma cruzi, protozoario flagelado, descubierto hace más de 100 años, siendo difundida principalmente en América del Sur, afectando a millones de personas por el mundo. EC está afectando varias personas en la Amazonía Occidental con cifras cada vez más frecuentes debido a varios factores que contribuyen a la elevación en los casos en la región, uno de los principales es la forma oral. Este estudio analizó el panorama epidemiológico de la EC en el estado de Amazonas, de 2004-2014. Métodos: Se trata de un estudio poblacional, retrospectivo y descriptivo ejecutando colecta y análisis de datos referentes a los casos relatados de infección por T. cruzi en, el estado de Amazonas, datos secundarios provenientes del Sistema de Información de Agravios de Notificación del Sistema Único de Salud, través del Banco de Datos del Sistema Único de Salud. Resultados: Se constató que de 2004-2014 en el estado de Amazonas ocurrieron un total de 100 casos de EC, teniendo mayor ocurrencia en los años de 2007-2010, durante los meses de abril y diciembre, con mayor frecuencia del grupo de edad de 20-39 y en género femenino. Conclusiones: Se constató la necesidad de implementar un servicio de control epidemiológico eficaz para monitoreo de la vía de transmisión EC y de sus vectores, pues se trata de un problema de salud pública que puede estar vinculada a determinantes sociales y culturales, promoción de actividades educativas para la concientización de la comunidad acerca de esta enfermedad.(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Epidemiology , Chagas Disease
3.
Rev. Soc. Bras. Med. Trop ; 51(4): 533-536, July-Aug. 2018. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1041470

ABSTRACT

Abstract INTRODUCTION This aim of this study was to evaluate the antibacterial activity of fractions and isolates of Maytenus guianensis, a plant species used in Amazonian folk medicine. METHODS A disk diffusion technique was used to investigate the antibacterial potential. RESULTS The hexanic fractions and tingenone B isolate showed inhibitory effects against Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pneumoniae. CONCLUSIONS These results indicate the antibacterial potential of this species and will enable future studies to identify novel therapeutic alternatives from this species.


Subject(s)
Staphylococcus aureus/drug effects , Streptococcus pneumoniae , Plant Extracts/pharmacology , Maytenus/chemistry , Escherichia coli/drug effects , Klebsiella pneumoniae/drug effects , Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology , Disk Diffusion Antimicrobial Tests , Anti-Bacterial Agents/isolation & purification
4.
Rev. bras. crescimento desenvolv. hum ; 28(3): 329-336, Jan.-Mar. 2018. map, tab
Article in English | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1013508

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: Chagas disease (CD), also known as American Trypanosomiasis, is an infectious parasitic disease caused by the etiologic agent Trypanosoma cruzi. It is considered endemic in the low-income population and is classified by the WHO as a neglected tropical disease. In the state of Acre, there is almost no scientific data regarding the epidemiology of CD, even though the first autochthonous case was registered in the 1980s OBJECTIVE: To analyze the epidemiological panorama of the transmission of Chagas disease in the State of Acre, Brazil, from 2009 to 2016 METHODS: A survey of the occurrence of Chagas disease in the State of Acre was performed using public domain secondary data from the Brazil's Notifiable Diseases Information System of SUS (publicly funded health care system), and from the SUS Database of the Health Surveillance Foundation of the State of Acre. Data were collected from the following variables: gender, age group, form of contagion, distribution by region and municipality, perimeter and seasonality RESULT: Forty-two cases of CD were confirmed, with an increase of more than 300% from 2015 to 2016 and a frequency coefficient of 3.06 cases per 100,000 people, and in the Tarauacá/Envira region, the probability of a person contracting CD was 600% higher than the state mean CONCLUSION: We found that in the state of Acre, in the period from 2009 to 2016, most cases of CD occurred in 2016, in the Tarauacá/Envira region, mainly in the municipality of Feijó, in the rural zone, from July to October, in the age group of 0 to 30 years, being the oral form the main route of transmission and presenting no statistical difference between men and women


INTRODUÇÃO: A doença de Chagas (DC), também conhecida como Tripanossomíase Americana, é uma doença infecciosa e parasitária, causada pelo agente etiológico Trypanosoma cruzi, sendo considerada endêmica em população de baixa renda e classificada pela Organização Mundial da Saúde como uma doença tropical negligenciada. No estado do Acre, quase não há dados científicos sobre a epidemiologia da DC, embora o primeiro caso autóctone tenha sido registrado na década de 1980 OBJETIVO: Analisar o panorama epidemiológico da transmissão da DC no Estado do Acre, no período de 2009 a 2016 MÉTODO: O levantamento da ocorrência da DC no Estado do Acre foi realizado utilizando dados secundários de domínio público do Sistema de Informação de Agravos de Notificação do SUS e do Banco de Dados do SUS da Fundação de Vigilância Sanitária do Estado do Acre. Foram coletados dados das seguintes variáveis: sexo, faixa etária, forma de contágio, distribuição por região e município, perímetro e sazonalidade RESULTADO: Quarenta e dois casos de DC foram confirmados, com um aumento de mais de 300% de 2015 a 2016 e um coeficiente de frequência de 3,06 casos por 100.000 pessoas, e na região de Tarauacá / Envira, a probabilidade de uma pessoa contrair CD foi de 600% maior que a média do estado CONCLUSÃO: Constatamos que no estado do Acre, no período de 2009 a 2016, a maioria dos casos de DC ocorreu em 2016, na região de Tarauacá/Envira, principalmente no município de Feijó, na zona rural, de julho a outubro, em faixa etária de 0 a 30 anos, sendo a via oral a principal via de transmissão e sem diferença estatística entre homens e mulheres

5.
Rev. Soc. Bras. Med. Trop ; 49(5): 579-585, Sept.-Oct. 2016. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-798123

ABSTRACT

Abstract INTRODUCTION Maytenus guianensis is a member of the Celastraceae family that is used in traditional medicine, particularly for its anti-parasitic and anti-cancer effects. To explore the ethnopharmacological potential of this plant, the present study was designed to screen the in vitro antileishmanial activities of extracts and compounds isolated from M. guianensis. METHODS Maytenus guianensis stems and leaves were extracted in acetone, followed by the preparation of eluates and isolation of secondary metabolites using chromatography on a glass column with silica gel as the fixed phase. The chemical components were identified using spectroscopic methods, including one- and two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance of hydrogen-1 and carbon-13, mass spectroscopy, and infrared spectroscopy. The anti-Leishmania amazonensis activities of these eluates and compounds were evaluated by direct promastigote counting and viability assays. RESULTS It was found that the hexane bark eluate produced the strongest anti-L. amazonensis effect, with 90-100% inhibition of the promastigote form. The isolated metabolite that produced the best result was tingenone B, followed by a compound formed by the union of tingenone and tingenone B (80-90% inhibition). CONCLUSIONS Maytenus guianensis shows anti-parasite activity that warrants further investigation to determine the mechanisms underlying this antileishmanial effect and to evaluate the pharmacological potential of these eluates and isolated secondary metabolites, while minimizing any adverse effects.


Subject(s)
Leishmania braziliensis/drug effects , Plant Extracts/pharmacology , Maytenus/chemistry , Antiprotozoal Agents/pharmacology , Parasitic Sensitivity Tests , Antiprotozoal Agents/isolation & purification
6.
Rev. patol. trop ; 44(4): 359-374, dez. 2015. tab, ilus
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-912261

ABSTRACT

A preocupação em buscar novos fármacos para o tratamento da leishmaniose é cada vez maior em virtude da toxicidade dos existentes e do aumento da resistência do parasito, o que representa uma ameaça ao controle da doença. O presente estudo apresenta uma revisão bibliográfica sobre as plantas da Amazônia brasileira com potencial atividade leishmanicida in vitro. Constatouse uma grande diversidade de espécies vegetais da Amazônia brasileira com potencial para a investigação de novos fitoterápicos e metabólitos secundários com ação leishmanicida, além do tratamento de outras parasitoses negligenciadas. A presente revisão demonstrou que as espécies dos gêneros Casearia, Croton e Physalis são fortes candidatas para busca de novos fármacos, visto que apresentaram um IC50 menor que 1µg/mL em testes in vitro contra as formas promastigotas ou amastigotas de Leishmania spp. Ressalta-se a importância de estudos futuros sobre espécies que apresentem metabólitos terpenoides ou esteroides em virtude do potencial leishmanicida que têm demonstrado.


Subject(s)
Leishmaniasis , Ethnopharmacology , Drug Therapy
7.
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-758425

ABSTRACT

The preoccupation to find new drugs for the treatment of malaria is increasing steadily due to the resistance of the parasite, which is a threat to disease control, The present study describes a literature review on the antimalarial ethnopharmacology (Anti-Plasmodium falciparum - in vitro) of the Brazilian Amazon plants, It was found a great diversity of plant species in the Brazilian Amazon with potential for research of new herbal and secondary metabolites with antiplasmodial action, in addition to treating other neglected parasitic diseases, However, for these studies is needed in addition to financial support, the interaction between different laboratories and research groups for the formation of multidisciplinary and interdisciplinary teams, which will enhance the research level in the region and increase the likelihood of new antimalarial drugs discovery...


Está cada vez maior a necessidade em se buscar novos fármacos para o tratamento da malária, principalmente devido à resistência do parasito, o que é uma ameaça ao controle da doença. O presente estudo descreve uma revisão bibliográfica sobre a etnofarmacologia antimalárica (Anti-Plasmodium falciparum - in vitro) de plantas da Amazônia brasileira. Constatou-se uma grande diversidade de espécies vegetais na Amazônia brasileira com potencial para a investigação de novos fitoterápicos e metabólitos secundários com ação antiplasmodial, além do tratamento de outras parasitoses negligenciadas. Porém, para a realização desses estudos são necessários além de apoio financeiro, a interação entre diferentes laboratórios e grupos de pesquisa para a formação de equipes multidisciplinares e interdisciplinares, o que irá potencializar o nível da pesquisa na região e aumentar a probabilidade de descoberta de novos fármacos antimaláricos...


Subject(s)
Humans , Antimalarials/pharmacology , Ethnopharmacology/trends , Malaria, Falciparum/drug therapy , Brazil , Drug Resistance
8.
Rev. bras. farmacogn ; 25(2): 164-169, Mar-Apr/2015. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-749851

ABSTRACT

Abstract The species Maytenus guyanensis Klotzsch ex Reissek, Celastraceae, present a wide variety of possible pharmacological activities and its roots and stems are used by popular medicine in the western Amazon rainforest. Few studies have demonstrated the genotoxic safety of the popular use of this species, and owing to this, the present study aimed to perform an analysis of the acute genotoxicity in vivo of the aqueous extract of M. guyanensis. Male and female mice from Mus musculus species, of weights ranging from 20 to 40 g, organized in eight groups with different treatments were used. The aqueous extracts of the bark of M. guyanensis were administered orally by gavage with 0.1 ml of the test substance per 10 g of the animal, followed by performance of comet assay in peripheral blood, PCE/NCE correlation and occurrence of micronuclei in the bone marrow. It was found that the aqueous extract of M. guyanensis, with ten times higher concentration than those used in ethnopharmacology, did not present genotoxic effect and, moreover, it has antigenotoxic action in mice treated acutely. Further studies regarding bioaccumulation and chronic effects of this species are suggested, in order to improve the understanding of its mechanism of action, ensuring the efficacy and safety of its utilization and developing phytotherapics and drugs.

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